DSR β Debt Service Ratio
Percentage of gross monthly income used to repay all debts. Malaysian banks cap this at 60β70%. Formula: (Monthly debt Γ· Gross income) Γ 100.
OPR β Overnight Policy Rate
BNM's key interest rate benchmark. Currently 3.00%. When OPR rises, mortgage rates rise. When OPR falls, mortgage rates fall.
BLR β Base Lending Rate
Reference rate used by banks. Currently ~6.85% for most banks. Most floating-rate mortgages are expressed as BLR minus a spread (e.g. BLR - 2.50% = 4.35%).
BR β Base Rate
Replaced BLR in 2015. The minimum rate banks charge for loans. Directly linked to OPR. Most new mortgages are quoted as BR + spread.
LTV β Loan-to-Value Ratio
Percentage of property value financed by the bank. Maximum LTV in Malaysia is 90% for first property below RM500K, 80% for subsequent properties.
Murabahah
Islamic financing where bank buys an asset and resells it at cost + profit. No interest (riba). Profit rate replaces interest rate. Fixed selling price agreed upfront.
Takaful
Islamic insurance based on mutual cooperation (ta'awun). Participants contribute to a shared pool. Surplus is distributed back. Shariah-compliant alternative to conventional insurance.
Faraid
Islamic law of inheritance as defined in the Quran. Specifies fixed shares for each heir category. Applies to all Muslims in Malaysia. Non-Muslims follow the Distribution Act 1958.
MRTA β Mortgage Reducing Term Assurance
Life insurance that pays off your outstanding mortgage if you die. Coverage reduces as loan balance reduces. Usually cheaper than MLTA.
MLTA β Mortgage Level Term Assurance
Life insurance with fixed coverage throughout the term. If you die, family receives the full sum assured (not just loan balance). More expensive but provides excess benefit.
SPA β Sale & Purchase Agreement
Legal contract between buyer and seller for property purchase. 10% deposit paid on signing. Binding legal document prepared by a licensed solicitor.
EPF β Employees Provident Fund
Malaysia's mandatory retirement savings scheme. Employee contributes 11%, employer 12β13% of salary. Currently paying 5.50% dividend (2025). Tax-deductible contributions.
Hibah
Gift of an asset made during the giver's lifetime. Once accepted, ownership transfers immediately. Bypasses Faraid. Used in estate planning to transfer property to specific individuals.
Wasiat
Muslim's written will. Can bequeath up to 1/3 of estate to non-Faraid heirs. The remaining 2/3 follows Faraid automatically. Registered at Amanah Raya Berhad from RM150.
CCRIS β Central Credit Reference System
BNM's database of all credit facilities in Malaysia. Banks check CCRIS to see your outstanding loans, repayment history, and any defaults. Free to request via BNM eCCRIS.
Flat Rate vs Effective Rate
Flat rate = interest charged on original loan amount. Effective rate = true annual cost on reducing balance. For hire purchase: effective rate β flat rate Γ 1.85. A 2.5% flat rate β 4.6% effective.